Hedgehogs are spiny mammals that belong to Erinaceinae subfamily. Sixteen species of hedgehogs were originally identified in some parts of Asia, Africa, Europe, and New Zealand. Over the years, Hedgehogs have well adapted to a nocturnal and insectivorous way of living.

Hedgehogs are physically characterized by rows of quills or short prickly spines covering their entire back and their sides. The hedgehogs are so correctly identified as “spiky” as they are covered with 7000 quills. Their bellies, on the other hand, are covered with soft fur.

These sharp quills are controlled by series of muscles, thus the quills are raised once the hedgehogs are threatened. Another distinct defense mechanism of these mammals is rolling itself into a firm ball to protect their undersides. This position makes them appear like a ball of quills, or spiky ball. In this instance, the owner needs to be particularly careful when touching the pet, as fingers may be trapped in between the sharp spikes.

Hedgehogs are now available in a wide selection of colors, made possible by discreet breeding. Their life expectancy is most typically 3-8 years. They commonly reach 5-8 inches in length.

Hedgehogs are popularly known to be hypo-allergenic. Unlike dogs and cats, Hedgehogs do not spread danders, which are generally associated with allergies. Reported allergies linked to hedgehogs are primarily coming from other related factors like hedgehog food.

Unlike cats and dogs, Hedgehogs are not likely interested in playing with their human companions or owners. Hedgehogs surely love eating and running, but may least enjoy cuddling up with humans.

Handling these pets may require some amount discretion and analysis. One has to consider first whether the pet is in a relaxed mood or in a defensive mood. 

You can tell when it is in a relaxed mood or calm by its quills. When the quills are laid down along the sides and back, and pointed toward the back, only so can you hold it safely.  In this relax mood, their spines are almost flat. Despite this calm position, one may still risk hurting himself in handling this pet when you hold them the wrong way. Avoid pushing against the sharp tips of quills.

When the pet is in a defensive mood, the quills will also tell. The quills are raised and point in all directions. They roll into a tight ball of spines, and the quills are all poking out. Avoid petting them when they are in this defensive posture, because chances are, they are angry or scared, and may likely to inflict pain on you. 

Yes, generally, these pets can be held and cuddled, but be cautious of their personalities. It takes some patience to accustom them into this petting. Their tolerance to being touched and petted is also in varying degrees. 

Hedgehogs may have huge differences in personalities. Some may tolerate being cuddled and touched. Some may love to hang around close to their human companions. Others may prefer exploring their environment by themselves. Some may be shy and would like to be in a secluded corner to retreat. So get to know your hedgehog pets.

Proper and safe housing is vital to caring for Hedgehogs.  They need rooms to explore and hide. Ensure the safety within their house to promote the welfare of your pet and to avoid injury. 

Commercial cages, aquariums and improvised fences are tired and tested housing choices. Aquariums must be at least 3 feet by 2 on bottom. Cages must be easy to clean up and spacious. Setting up fences in an area in the house is suggested. They will feel free to go around, while ensuring their security.

The ventilation should be given attention, making sure that the pets will receive adequate fresh air. The flooring is another aspect to consider. Narrow spacing is ideal; avoid wide wire spacing on sides and floors. Allocate a minimum of 2-3 square feet of floor space.

A wheel is a basic need, as hedgehogs require plenty of exercise and activities. However, using hamster wires and mouse wheel are extremely discouraged.

Hedgehogs are naturally insectivores. An owner must consider providing diets that are high in protein and low in fat.

Some companies and suppliers have formulated an insectivorous diet, or food specifically designed for hedgehog nourishment. Commercially produced hedgehog foods are at present widely available in the market. Some owners would resort to cat food as hedgehog alternative sustenance. Cat food is usually low in fat and high in protein, a formula which resembles an insectivorous diet perfect for hedgehogs.

Meats are also popular food options for hedgehog. Turkey and salmon are among the preferred meats.

It is advised to feed hedgehogs with a variety of food to enhance health and avoid the occurrence of diet boredom. Some owners also recommend feeding them with hard boiled eggs for a treat.

An assortment of fruits and vegetables are efficient supplement to hedgehog diets. Grapes or raisins are noted to be unsuitable for hedgehogs, while melon is recommended. Exercise should be given after feeding fruits to burn the sugar derived from these sources.  

Hedgehogs naturally love meal worms and would better be given once in a while. Keep in mind that meal worms are high in fat and may yield undesirable effects to hedgehogs. It is likewise important to consider the sources of live insects commercially available in stores. Usually these insects may acquire pesticides that are fatal to the pets.

 

While it is true that hedgehogs have lactose intolerance, they would love to be treated with bits of cheese and a few drops of milk. Be very careful though to determine its moderation. An excess will result to stomach pains and Diarrhea.

Hedgehogs require a significant amount of fresh water daily. Filtered water is most advised as this will less likely contain strange odors that will turn off the pets. Receptacles are a factor. Find out which drinking dish your pet is comfortable to use and establish that drinking habit.